As directed by God, the first month of each year was Abib, meaning green ears, having to do with the new years first ripening crop of barley
[while the grains were ripe but still green and soft enough to be eaten raw] thus beginning their barley harvest. That was how the ancient Jews were to watch for and identify the start of each new year. It was not predicted or predefined. The start of each new year had to be observed!
1. Beginning of the Bible defined New Year (First Month)
Exodus 12:1–2 (ESV - God's Name restored.)
“
יהוה said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, ‘This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you.’”
☛ The year begins with a specific month designated by
יהוה.
Exodus 13:4 (ESV)
“Today, in the month of Abib, you are going out.”
☛ The first month is called Abib.
Exodus 23:15 (ESV)
“You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread… at the time appointed in the month Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt.”
☛ The month is tied to the Exodus and its appointed time.
Deuteronomy 16:1 (ESV)
“Observe the month of Abib and keep the Passover to
יהוה your God, for in the month of Abib
יהוה your God brought you out of Egypt by night.”
☛ The month must be observed (watched for and then kept).
After and since their captivity in Babylon, the Hebrews have used the Babylonian word Nisan for the first month of their year. The Jews were given and used a lunar calendar, and the start of Abib of each year was observed, rather that pre-known, and based on the observable new moon and when the Barley crop was ripe. The 14 day of that month of Abib was the Passover, and could move on the solar calendar we now use by a little more than a month. What a wonder! I am married to a woman who never likes to do the same thing in the same way twice. Being one who likes to do the same things the exact same way for the sake of efficiency and productivity, her way drives me crazy; as mine does her. In this instance, it seems
יהוה loved her way. What a wonder to have the year start at a little different time each year. Since the new year is not predictable but must be observed, knowing when the Jewish Passover is, since it is identified by counting 14 days from the beginning of the new year, and converting it onto our solar calendar can be a task! And, it can never be done ahead of time!